Acting Engaged: Leveraging Player Persona Archetypes for Semi-Supervised Classification of Engagement
Benjamin Nye, Mark G. Core, Shikhar Jaiswal, Aviroop Ghosal, Daniel Auerbach
Jun 30, 2021 19:30 UTC+2
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Session C2
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Zoom link
Keywords: Engagement, Player Personas, Semi-Supervised, Classification, Archetypes
Abstract:
Engaged and disengaged behaviors have been studied across a variety of educational contexts. However, tools to analyze engagement typically require custom-coding and calibration for a system. This limits engagement detection to systems where experts are available to study patterns and build detectors. This work studies a new approach to classify engagement patterns without expert input, by using a play persona methodology where labeled archetype data is generated by novice testers acting out different engagement patterns in a system. Domain-agnostic task features (e.g., response time to an activity, scores/correctness, task difficulty) are extracted from standardized data logs for both archetype and authentic user sessions. A semi-supervised methodology was used to label engagement; bottom-up clusters were combined with archetype data to build a classifier. This approach was analyzed with a focus on cold-start performance on small samples, using two metrics: consistency with larger full-sample cluster assignments and stability of points staying in the same cluster once assigned. These were compared against a baseline of clustering without an incrementally trained classifier. Findings on a data set from a branching multiple-choice scenario-based tutoring system indicated that approximately 52 unlabeled samples and 51 play-test labeled samples were sufficient to classify holdout sessions at 85% consistency with a full set of 145 unsupervised samples. Additionally, alignment to play persona samples for the full set matched expert labels for clusters. Use-cases and limitations of this approach are discussed.